Anemia : types , causes , clinical picture , investigation and treatment

Types of Anemia

anemia in general is classified into 3 main categories , which are : microcytic , macrocytic and normocytic anemias

Microcytic anemias includes : iron deficiency anemia , thalassemia , sidroplastic anemia and anemia of chronic diseases

macrocytic anemias : as vit. B12 deficiency , folate deficiency , and myelodysplastic anemia

normocytic anemias : aplastic anemia , after severe hemorrahge and hymolytic anemia

general signs of anemia

a picture showing all symptoms of anemia

Source: modusquantum

Clinical Picture and presentation of anemia

General manefestations : there is general manifestations of all types of anemias and other specific manifestation to each type.

general manifestations include:

Symptoms : as headache , dizziness, lack of concentration , insomnia , blurred vision , tinnitus , fingers numbness , dyspnoea , palpitation , anorexia , dyspepsia , amenorrhea , impotence , easy fatigue and claudication of muscles

signs : as pallor specially in mucus membranes , tachycardia and increase the pulse volume , accentuated S1 , hepatospelomegaly , protinuria , polyureaand lower limb edema

specific signs and symptoms for some types of anemia

Iron Deficiency anemia : Pbica , angular stomatitis , atrophic gastritis , mild splenomegaly (may not be detectable) brittle nail , brittle hair and spoonind of nails

Folate and Vit. B12 deficiency : bleeding tendency , repeated infctions , angular stomatitis , atrophic glossitis , gastric atrophu and intestinal atrophy.

Vit. B12 deficieny : peripheral neuropathy , paraplegia , sensoty ataxia , demantia , psychosis and optic nerve atrophy.

Hemolytic anemia : hemolyic jaundice , hepatomegaly , chronic leg ulcers and four crisis : heamolytic, aplastic , megaloplastic and sequestrational crisis.

thalassemia : mongoloid facies , stunted growth and heamochromatosis.

sickle cell anemia : vaso occlusive crisis which leads to : infarction in multible system organs and leg ulcers.

mongoloid facies of thalassemia

thalassemic facies

Source: wfffun

Investigations of anemia

Complete Blood Count : Hb % , RBCs Count , WBCs Count , Platelets Count , MCV , MCHC and MCH

Colout index : normally its 1

Bone Marrow Biobsy

Liver Function Tests : albumin . transaminases , alpha feto protein and bilirubin.

Renal Function Test : Creatinine and Urea

Source: theguardian

Treatment of Anemia

immediate treatment : blood transfusion immediatly if hemoglobin is less than 7 in adults or less than 5 in infants

according to the type of anemia :

Iron deficiency anemia must recieve iron replacement therapy as : oral iron ( ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate) parentral iron (Fe sorbitol , Fe Detran and Fe sucrose)

Vit.B12 in Vit. B12 deficiency

Folic acid in folate deficiency

thalassemia : desferrioxamine , genetic counseling , Bone Marrow Transplantation and spenectomy may be Done in some cases.

Cancer breast from first menestruation till menopause

In the last 20years , scientests had found that cancer breast is the most popular type of cancer in females . it s supposed to be the most dangerous risk factors in their life !!
Million of women entered to the operating room every year to excise their breasts, its so bad to know that breast cancer predisposing factors is also provoked in the last ten years.
So that physicians has created a test to check if there is breast cancer or not , they made easy simple to make every female able to test her self periodically without the need to visit doctors every while, they recommended to do that test every month , it quick easy simple not invasive not causing any type of harm to her.

<h1>breast cancer test</h1>

The test is done by palpitation of the breast area and axilla , first divide the breast area into four quadrants and palpate them one by one , than palpate the maxilla.
In that test you search for any palpated masses , if you feel mass with any size you must go directly to your Dr to insure you if there is mass or not , and to get the right disicion for your case.

Dr.Sameh